水稻纹枯病拮抗细菌的筛选与利用=Screening and utilization of antagonistic bacteriae against rice
sheath blight
[刊，中]/任小平（浙江大学生物技术研究所，杭州 310029）, 谢关林,赵丽涵//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—337～342
摘要：稻种是生防菌的主要来源之一，为在浙江稻区获得对水稻纹枯病具良好防治效果的生防菌，有必要明确该稻区不同栽培方式下稻种拮抗菌的分布及其特性。从3种不同栽培方式的稻种上分离并测定水稻纹枯病拮抗细菌，发现撒播稻稻种上拮抗菌比率显著高于条播和移栽稻。从1000个细菌分离物中筛选出13个拮抗能力强的菌株，经致病性测定发现 S270262在水稻植株上产生病斑; 对12个非致病拮抗菌进行稻种细菌化、盆栽测定和田间小区试验及Biolog鉴定，结果表明10个拮抗菌对稻苗具促生作用, 2个有抑生作用；盆栽和田间防治效果好的菌株为T300363、S300265和S90132，它们分别被鉴定为Salmonella subsp. 1 G、Pseudomonas
aeruginosa 和Pseudomonas spp.。表5参8
关键词：拮抗细菌；水稻纹枯病菌；筛选和生物防治
Abstract: Rice seed is one of the most important resources of biocontrol agents. It’s necessary for us to under-stand distribution of the antagonistic bacteria against sheath blight of rice under different culture patterns and their characteristics in order to gain satisfied biocontrol agents in Zhejiang Province. A field survey and isola-tion of the antagonistic bacteria was conducted. It was showed that the isolation frequency of the antagonistic
bacteria from rice seeds of direct broadcast-seeding was significantly higher than those from direct row-seeding
and transplanting. Thirteen strong antagonistic bacteriae against Rhizoctonia solani were screened in vitro from
1000 bacterial isolates obtained from 3 different culture patterns of rice. Pathogenicity test showed that isolate S270262 produced lesions on rice plant and other 12 strains were non-pathogenicity，which were used for rice seed bacterization against R. solantiv in the screening-house and greenhouse and spraying in paddy field and identified by Biolog. The results showed the 10 strains had growth promoting effect on rice plant and 2 inhibiting the growth. Strain T300363, S300265 and S90132 had better performance in pot and field plot experiments. They were
identified by Biolog as Salmonella subsp. 1 G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas spp.
Key words: Antagonistic bacteria; Rhizoctonia solani; screening and biocontrol

抗真菌转基因水稻纹枯病抗性的杂种优势分析=Heterosis analysis of resistance to sheath blight of
transgenic hybrid rice with extra anti-fungus genes
[刊，中]/袁红旭(广东海洋大学农业生物技术研究所, 湛江 524088), 张燕娟,郭建夫,许新萍,张建中//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—343～347
摘要：用抗纹枯病的12个转入1～4个外源抗真菌基因的转基因水稻作父本,分别与2～3个雄性不育系配组，采用田间人工接种纹枯病菌的方法，从3个抗性指标上研究了转基因杂交水稻纹枯病抗性的杂种优势。结果表明，杂交水稻的抗病性与转基因父本显著正相关，抗病性的广义遗传力为0.52～0.83。在29个杂交组合中，有5个组合具有显著负向超低亲（父本）优势,但群体平均超低亲优势大于0，为35.01%～50.79%；杂交稻群体的平均负向竞争优势明显，强度大，为-57.60%～-31.23%，有38%的组合具有显著负向竞争优势，说明转基因杂交水稻的抗纹枯病性普遍低于转基因水稻父本，但仍具有较好抗性，并可从中筛选出强优势组合。表4参12
关键词: 转基因水稻；纹枯病；抗病性；杂种优势
Abstract: Twelve high resistant transgenic rice lines with 1-4 extra anti-fungus genes were crossed with 2-3 malesterial rice lines. Heterosis analysis of resistance of transgenic hybrid rice to sheath blight was studied with 3 resistance indices under the condition of artificial inoculation in field. The results showed that the resistance of transgenic hybrid rice had positive correlation with transgenic male parentage and the value of broad hereditary capacity was 0.52-0.83. Among 29 hybrid combinations, 5 combinations had significantly negative heterosis over
lower parents (HLP), but the average value of HLP of all combinations was 35.01%-50.79%, was positive. The average negative heterosis over control (HC) of all combinations was strong, the value was -55.60% - -31.23%. The 38%
hybrid combinations had remarkable negative HC. It indicated that the resistance of transgenic hybrid rice was
usually lower than its transgenic male parents, but it still was resistant. The strong heterosis hybrid combinati-ons with high resistance could be selected among the combinations.
Key words: Transgenic rice; sheath blight; resistance; heterosis

中国小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主维尔抗条锈性遗传分析=Genetics of stripe rust resistance in wheat cultivar
Virgilio
[刊，中]/赵文生(中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100094),徐世昌//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—348～352
摘要：小麦品种维尔是中国小麦条锈菌重要鉴别寄主。将该品种分别与完全感病品种铭贤169和其它抗病品种杂交，获得各组合的F1、BC1和F2代群体及部分F3家系。在温室对各组合亲本及F1、BC1和F2代群体进行了苗期抗性鉴定。结果表明，维尔对CY17和CY23菌系的抗性由1对主效隐性基因控制。等位性分析表明，维尔中抗CY17和CY23菌系的基因与Triticum spelta album中的1对抗性基因等位或紧密连锁，将其命名为YrVir1。而维尔对Su-1的抗性则由1对显性基因控制，将其命名YrVir2。同时采用CY17和CY23菌系对铭贤169/维尔组合的48个F3家系进行了苗期抗性鉴定，根据平均抗性指数和样本方差将这些家系分为3组，卡方测验证明了维尔对上述两菌系的抗性由1对主效基因控制，同时还可能受微效基因的影响。图2表3参11
关键词：小麦；鉴别寄主；抗条锈性；遗传分析
Abstract: Virgilio, one of the wheat cultivars used to differentiate races of Puccinia striiformis West.in China, was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169 and cultivars with different genes to determine the genetic basis of its stripe rust resistance. Seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, BC1 and some F3 progenies were evaluated for
resistance to Chinese pathotypes of P. striiformis. It was indicated that Virgilio has one recessive gene for res-istance to Chinese pathotype CY17 and CY23, and one dominant gene for resistance to pathotype Su-1.When inoculated with CY17 or CY23, 48 F3 families of cross Mingxian 169/Virgilio could be separated into three groups and fit the 1:2:1 of theoretical ratio, this result inferred that Virgilio have any minor genes for resistance to CY17 and CY23 except for one major gene.Based on the results of linkage analysis, the gene that confers resistance to CY17 and CY23 was allele or closely linked to one gene in Triticum spelta album and was denominated as YrVir1.The gene that confers resistance to Su-1 was denominated as YrVir2.
Key words: Wheat; differential cultivar; stripe rust resistance; genetic analysis

木霉对玉米纹枯病的生物防治=Biocontrol of maize sheath blight with Trichoderma spp.
[刊，中]/张广志(四川农业大学植物保护系，雅安 625014), 文成敬//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—353～356
摘要：为明确木霉菌在玉米纹枯病防治上的作用，研究了从雅安郊区大田玉米根际土壤中分离到的18个木霉菌株对立枯丝核菌的抑制作用及对玉米纹枯病的田间防治效果。对峙培养结果表明，这些木霉菌株对立枯丝核菌的抑制率为39.44％～84.98％；而木霉发酵滤液的抑菌作用为13.48％～85.81％。对峙培养和液体发酵滤液的抑菌测定相结合，筛选出木霉菌株T8、T2、T13，经鉴定分别为哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum、黄绿木霉Trichoderma aureoviride和长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum。用这3种木霉的固体培养物作进一步的田间防治试验，防治效果分别为 62.75％、64.48％、68.52％，比井冈霉素(49.68％)效果高；T13菌株的发酵滤液的防治效果仅为40.07％。3株木霉固体培养物对玉米产量影响显著，增产率依次为29.77％、43.37％、54.21％。表2参29
关键词: 木霉；立枯丝核菌；玉米纹枯病；生物防治
Abstract: To elucidate the control efficacy of Trichoderma against maize sheath blight, eighteenTrichoderma isol-ates were obtained from the maize rhizosphere in the suburb of Ya’an, Sichuan Province, and tested. The suppression rates of mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani by the Trichoderma isolates were 39.44％-84.98％ on dual culture. The suppression rates of mycelial growth of R. solani were 13.48％-85.81％ on the PDA plates contained ferment filtrates of the Trichoderma isolates. But when the filtrates were autoclaved, inhibition activities against R. solani were decreased. Three Trichoderma isolates T8, T13 and T2, which were identified as T.harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. aureoviride, respectively, were selected for field experiment. The efficacies of solid culture of T8,
T13 and T2 against maize sheath blight were 62.75％, 64.48％, 68.52％, respectively, which were better than that
of Jinggangmycin (49.68％). However, the efficacies of fluid ferment filtrate of isolate T13 was only 40.07％,
lower than those of the solid culture. After application of solid culture of T8, T13 and T2 yields significantly
increased for 29.77％, 43.37％ and 54.21％, respectively.
Key words: Trichoderma；Rhizoctonia solani；maize sheath blight；biocontrol

玉米纹枯病拮抗内生细菌的筛选=Selection of endophytic bacteria for suppression of corn sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani
[刊，中]/高增贵(沈阳农业大学植物保护学院, 农业部北方农作物病害免疫重点开放实验室, 沈阳 110161), 陈捷, 冯晶, 庄敬华, 刘军华//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—357～361
摘要：从玉米成株期根、茎组织中分离获得232株内生细菌，在离体条件下筛选获得20株对玉米纹枯病菌具有显著拮抗作用的内生细菌，其中7株为枯草芽孢杆菌，占拮抗菌株的35%。B20-120、B20-006、B20-122、B21-072、B21-016、B20-070等6株拮抗细菌的发酵液对玉米种子萌发没有影响，进一步对其内生性（以抗利福平120 mg·mL-1为标记）及其对玉米的促生作用和玉米纹枯病的防治效果进行了研究。结果表明，供试6个拮抗菌株对玉米生长没有抑制作用，有的甚至有促进作用，并且能在体内繁殖，具可转移性。拮抗菌株B20-006和B20-120对纹枯病的防治效果最好，菌液浸种处理苗期防治效果分别为67.9%和62.3%,成株期分别为40.2%和39.1%。图1表3参16
关键词：玉米纹枯病; 拮抗细菌; 促生作用; 内生性检测; 生物防治
Abstract: Two hundred and thirty-two strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from corn root, stem tissues
during adult period. By way of in vitro screening, 20 antagonistic strains against Rhizoctonia solani (7 strains
Bacillus subtilis, about 35% of the total antagonistic strains screened) were gotten. Among the 20 strains, 6 strains (B20-120, B20-006, B20-122, B21-072, B21-016, B20-070) had been proved that their fermented solution did not
inhibit corn seed germination. Endophytic detection (tagged by the resistance to Rif, 120 mg·mL-1) of the 6 strains, their growth-promoting effects on corn, and control effects against corn sheath blight were studied. The results showed that these strains could live, and transfer in corn plant, while the growth-promoting effect of the strains on corn was evident. Two strains, B20-006 and B20-120, were efficient biological control agents to control corn sheath blight. Seed coating with 2 strains cultures gave 67.9% and 62.3% control efficacies at seedling stage, 40.2% and 39.1% at adult stage, respectively.
Key words: Corn sheath blight; antagonistic bacteria; promotion effect; endophytic detection; biological control

烟草蚀纹病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆、原核表达及抗血清的制备=Cloning and prokaryotic expression of coat
protein gene of Tobacco etch virus and preparation of viral-specific antiserum
[刊，中]/ 朱常香(山东农业大学生命科学学院， 泰安 271018), 王玉军, 郭兴启, 程云吉, 温孚江//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—362～366
摘要：从山东省感病的烟草上分离获得了一烟草蚀纹病毒(TEV)分离物，命名为TEV-SD1。根据已报道烟草蚀纹病毒外壳蛋白（coat protein CP）基因序列设计并合成2条引物，通过RT-PCR扩增得到长度约800bp的目的片段 。将目的片段与质粒pET-22b（+）连接，构建了包含TEV CP基因的原核表达载体pETEV-CP，并导入大肠杆菌BL21中。序列分析表明： TEV-SD1的CP基因全长789bp，编码263个氨基酸；与GenBank中已报道的TEV 5个分离物CP基因相比，核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列同源性为94.1%～98.6%。37℃培养条件下，BL21/pETEV-CP经IPTG诱导表达，SDS-PAGE结果显示，表达的TEV CP融合蛋白的相对分子质量约为33kDa。以表达的融合蛋白为抗原，免疫家兔，制备的抗血清的效价为1/2048，且具有良好的特异性。图3表2参17
关键词：烟草蚀纹病毒；外壳蛋白基因；原核表达；抗血清
Abstract: An isolate of Tobacco etch virus (TEV) was obtained from tobacco plants in Shandong Province, which was named as TEV-SD1. The coat protein (CP) gene of TEV-SD1 was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and was subcloned into pET-22b (+) prokaryotic expression vector. The recombinant vector pETEV-CP was transformed into BL21 host strain of E. coli. Sequence analysis revealed that the CP genes was 789 nucleotides in length, which encodes the coat protein of 263 amino acids, and the CP genes shared 94.1%-98.6% nucleotides and amino acid homology with TEV CP genes of five strains registered in GenBank. The target fusion peptide with molecular weight of 33kDa was expressed under the condition of 37℃ and induced by IPTG at the final concentration of 1mmol/L. Rabbit was immunized using the expressed target peptide as antigen, and the antiserum was obtained. The antiserum gave a titer of 1/2048 with high specificity to TEV.
Key words: Tobacco etch virus; coat protein gene; prokaryotic expression; viral-specific antiserum

油菜花叶病毒Wh株系的鉴定=Identification and characterization of Oilseed rape mosaic virus (ORMV)
Wh strain
[刊，中]/蔡丽(中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 油料作物遗传改良农业部重点实验室，武汉 430062), 许泽永,陈坤荣,晏立英, 侯明生//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—367～372
摘要：依据病毒的寄主植物反应、血清学性质和RNA 3′末端含cp和mp基因1554bp cDNA片段序列分析，明确一个侵染油菜的烟草花叶病毒属Tobamovirus病毒分离物是油菜花叶病毒（Oilseed rape mosaic virus，ORMV）的一个株系，定名为Wh株系。ORMV-Wh侵染油菜、白菜和大白菜等十字花科的作物，初期产生典型明脉症状，对辣椒、番茄和烟草等茄科植物致病性弱；血清学与烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus，TMV)有明显差异。ORMV-Wh mp、cp基因和3′UTR区段大小分别为798、474和235个核苷酸，mp和cp基因有77个核苷酸重叠；与TMV序列同源性在60%以下，与侵染十字花科Tobamovirus属病毒株系序列同源性在80%以上；其中与ORMV的不同株系RMV-CAB、RMV-Sh、YoMV、YoMV-Cg和CTMV-W的同源性在90%以上。图2表2参14
关键词：油菜花叶病毒；鉴定；烟草花叶病毒属
Abstract: On the basis of host plant reactions, serology and analyses of nucleotide sequence of 1554 bp cDNA in
the virus RNA 3′ end, a Tobamovirus isolate from an infected oilseed rape plant was identified and characterized as a strain of Oilseed rape mosaic virus (ORMV), namely Wh strain. ORMV-Wh infected oilseed rape Brassica napus, Chinese cabbage Brassica pekinensis and other vegetable plants in family Cruciferae, had less infectivity to tomato Lycopersicum eaculentum, eggplant Solanum melongena and other in family Solanaceae. ORMV-Wh is serologically distinguishable from TMV in ELISA test. Sizes of mp, cp genes and 3′ UTR of ORMV-Wh were 798 nt, 474 nt and 235 nt, respectively, with overlapped 77 nt between mp and cp genes. Sequence identity of mp, cp genes and 3′UTR of ORMV-Wh is all less 60% to those of TMV, higher than 80% to those of Tobamoviruses infecting Cruciferae plants, and higher than 90% to those of RMV-CAB, RMV-Sh, YoMV, YoMV-Cg, CTMV-W, which are the strains of ORMV.
Key words: Oilseed rape mosaic virus (ORMV); identification; Tobamovirus

淡紫拟青霉对尖孢镰刀菌的拮抗作用与机制分析=Antagonistic effect of biocontrol fungus, Paecilomyces
lilacinus strain NH-PL-03 and its mechanism against Fusarium oxysporum
[刊，中]/ 李芳(福建农林大学植物保护学院, 福州 350002), 史怀, 刘波, 陈家骅//植物保护学报.—2005，32（4）—373～378
摘要：研究表明淡紫拟青霉次生代谢物质对尖胞镰刀菌的孢子萌发与菌落生长有明显的抑制作用。淡紫拟青霉与镰刀菌活体间存在明显的营养竞争作用；淡紫拟青霉菌能产生细胞壁降解酶和蛋白或多糖性质的拮抗性物质；此活性物质存在于胞内和胞外，胞外物质和胞内提取液-1对尖胞镰刀菌孢子生成的抑制率在90%以上，粗蛋白提取液和粗多糖提取液的抑制率在73%左右，丙酮提取液抑制率最低，仅为25.42%；淡紫拟青霉抑菌活性物质主要存在于水相中；活性物质对温度耐受力较差，100℃或80℃处理30min，基本失去活性。图2表5参15
关键词：淡紫拟青霉；尖孢镰刀菌；拮抗机制
Abstract: Studies were conducted to assess the antagonistic effect of biocontrol fungus, Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson and its mechanism against Schl. The results showed that the secondary metabolite produced by P. lilacinus obviously suppressed the colony growth, sporulation and germination of F. oxysporum. The antagonistic mechanism against F. oxysporum were mainly related to remarkable nutrient competition and β-glucosidase activity that
caused cell wall degradation as well as antibiotic production (such as toxic protein and amylose). The antibiotic substance existed in the hyphae, but it could be released from the hyphae significantly in the later stage of ferment culture. The inhibition rates of extracellular substance and intracellular-1 substance to sporeulation of F. oxysporum were above 90%. Meanwhile, the inhibition rates of extractions of crude protein and crude amylose were about 73%, but that of the substance extracted by acetone solvent extraction was only 25.42%. The secondary metabolite mainly being water-solubility and the antibiotic substance was unable to bear high temperature. When treated by 100℃ or 80℃ for 30 min, the substance had nearly no inhibition activities.
Key words: Paecilomyces lilacinus; Fusarium oxysporum; antagonistic mechanism

海洋霉菌1-B6-10代谢产物对几种镰刀菌的抑制作用=Inhibition activity of the metabolite of marine mold 1-B6-10 to Fusarium spp.
[刊，中]/李淑彬（华南师范大学生命科学学院，广州510631）//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—379～382
摘要：测试了海洋霉菌菌株1-B6-10代谢产物对不同镰刀菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和显微形态的影响。结果表明，该菌代谢产物粗提物对尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum菌株F1113、F1125和番茄镰刀菌Fusarium batatasis菌株F2016等的菌丝生长具有明显的抑制作用。当纸片上滴加0.05 mL该粗提物时，其抑菌圈直径均在32 mm以上；在菌株F1125菌丝块上直接滴加0.05 mL该粗提物，其菌丝生长抑制率达到98.39%。该代谢产物也能显著抑制尖孢镰刀菌F1113和F1125孢子的萌发，用粗提物处理后培养48 h，其孢子萌发率仅为8%和9.6%。显微镜观察结果表明，在添加该代谢产物亚抑菌浓度的培养基中，尖孢镰刀菌F1113菌丝的形态发生改变，部分菌丝萎缩和断裂。图2表2参11
关键词：海洋霉菌代谢产物；镰刀菌；抗真菌作用
Abstract: The effects of the metabolite of marine mold 1-B6-10 against the mycelia growth, spore germination and morphology of Fusarium spp. were tested. The results showed that the metabolite have significantly inhibition activity to the mycelia growth of Fusarium oxysporum strain F1113，F1125 and Fusarium batatasis strain F2016. When 0.05 mL crude extract of the metabolite was added to filter paper, the diameters of inhibition zone were exceed to 32 mm. The inhibition rate to the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum F1125 was 98.39% when 0.05 mL extract was added to the mycelium. It can also inhibit the spore germination of strain F1113 and F1125 significantly. When cultured for 48h after treatment by the metabolite, the germination rate of spore were only 8% and 9.6% respectively. The morphological change has been observed under microscope when cultured in the medium with the sub-inhibition concentration of the metabolite. Some hyphae collapsed and broke into small segments.
Key words: Marine mold metabolite; Fusarium spp.; antifungal activity

小单孢菌E2 菌株对辣椒疫霉的抑制及抗菌物质的初步测定=Control of pepper Phytophthora blight using
Micromonospora sp. and identification of the antibiotic substance
[刊，中]/闫淑珍（南京师范大学生命科学学院微生物工程实验室，南京 210097）, 刘维红, 方洁//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—383～386
摘要：利用平板稀释法从辣椒疫病病圃根冠土中分离获得一株放线菌E2，根据形态特征和培养性状初步鉴定为小单胞菌
Micromonospora sp.。用E2菌株的发酵液和菌丝的提取物进行抑菌试验，结果表明，该菌对多种真菌和细菌具有抑菌作用，其含菌发酵液对辣椒苗期人工接种疫霉的防治效果达75%～85%。捷克八溶剂系统纸层析和抗生素特征化学反应表明，E2菌株产生多烯类抗生素。图2表3参14
关键词：小单胞菌；辣椒疫病
Abstract: A strain of actinomycetes E2, which was isolated from the rhiszosphere of diseased pepper , was primarily identified as Micromonospora sp. based on morphological and cultural traits. A study was carried out on the inhibiting effects of the fermented broth and extracts of E2’s mycelia. The results showed that E2 could inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria and its inhibition was stable. The control effect of E2 to Phytophthora blight of pepper seedling could reach 75%-85%. By means of antibiotic special identification technique including the paper chromatography of eight kings of solvent system and characteristic chemical reaction, E2 was also indicated to produce polyene-like substances.
Key words: Micromonospora sp.; pepper Phytophthora blight

广东桉树黄化(丛枝)病植原体分子鉴定与检测=Molecular identification and detection of Eucalyptus
yellowing and witches'-broom phytoplasma in Guangdong
[刊，中]/ 周国辉(华南农业大学资环学院，广州? 510642), 许东林// 植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—387～391
摘要：从表现黄化(丛枝)症状的桉树上采集病叶，抽提主脉总DNA，采用植原体通用引物与巢式引物进行PCR和巢式PCR扩增，对扩增产物进行克隆和序列测定，获得了植原体的近全长16S rRNA基因及部分16～23S rRNA基因间隔区序列。序列分析揭示，所获得的序列与已知植原体基因组相应区段的序列高度同源，与柳叶菜变叶植原体(epilobium phyllody)和白腊树丛枝植原体（ash witches'-broom）相应序列（GenBank登录号：AY101386和AY566302）同源率为99.9%，与白腊树黄化植原体(aster yellows BD2)相应序列和番茄巨芽植原体(tomato big bud)相应序列同源率分别为99.6%和99.3%。该序列构建的系统进化树表明，引起我国广州地区桉树黄化(丛枝)病的植原体属于16SrⅠ组(即翠菊黄化组)，将其暂命名为桉树黄化(丛枝)植原体广东株系(Eucalyptus yellowing
and witches'-broom phytoplasma strain Guangdong, EYWB-Gd)。建立了桉树植原体巢式PCR检测方法，对疑似病样及桉树组培苗进行了检测，多数疑似病样检测结果为阳性，供试的10株组培苗未发现阳性样品。图3表1参11
关键词： 桉树黄化(丛枝)病；植原体；16S rDNA；检测
Abstract: To identify and detect the phytoplasma infecting Eucalyptus spp. in South China, the diseased leaves of Eucalyptus sp. with symptoms of yellowing and witches’-broom were collected from Guangdong Province and total DNA was extracted from their midrib. The universal and nested PCR primers were employed to amplify a DNA fragment of Eucalyptus phytoplasma, including the whole of 16S rDNA and apart of 16S-23S rDNA spacer. This nested PCR product was cloned and sequenced, the nucleotide sequence (GenBank accession no. AY685054) was highly homologous with kwon phytoplasmas. The similarity was 99.9% with both epilobium phyllody (AY101386) and ash witches’-broom (AY566302), 96.6% and 99.3% with aster yellows BD2 (AY389822) and tomato big bud (L33760), respectively. Phylogenetic tree constructed by parsimony analysis of 16S rDNA sequences of phytoplasmas showed that the phytoplasma which caused eucalyptus yellowing and witches’-broom (EYWB) disease in Guangdong area belongs to the group 16SrⅠand was tentatively named as EYWB strain Guangdong (EYWB-Gd). A rapid, sensitive method for EYWB detection has been established. Some samples with suspicious symptoms were detected and most of them showed positive results. No positive sample was found in tissue-culture plantlets collected from a nursery in Guangzhou.
Key words: Eucalyptus yellowing and witches’-broom disease; phytoplasma; 16S rDNA; detection

沿江稻区第4代稻纵卷叶螟的成灾机制=Possible mechanisms of outbreaks of the fourth generation
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) in Yangtze River rice planting area
[刊，中]/胡荣利(扬州市植保植检站，扬州 225002), 徐蕾, 周福才, 鞠国钢, 陆自强//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—392～396
摘要：稻纵卷叶螟是沿江稻区水稻上的重要害虫。自本世纪以来，第4代稻纵卷叶螟对水稻穗期的危害日趋严重。通过室内试验和大田系统调查，对沿江稻区第4代稻纵卷叶螟暴发机制进行了探讨。结果表明，目前该稻区粳稻面积已占水稻播种面积的70%左右，粳稻生育期较籼稻迟15天左右，饲养在武育粳3号（粳稻）上的稻纵卷叶螟其蛹重、羽化率、成虫寿命和产卵量分别较协优（籼稻）高40.6%、54.5%、24.5%、82.3%。可见，食料丰富和营养条件改善是导致第4代滞留危害的重要原因之一。另外，秋季持续高温和化学防治的负面效应，对第4代虫量的增加也有较大的影响。图1表5参12
关键词：稻纵卷叶螟；成灾原因；栽培制度；气候因素
Abstract: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) is a major rice pest in Yangtze River Area of Jiangsu Province. Previous researches suggest that the pests of the fourth generation (emergence from late Aug. to early Sept.) in the area emigrate and don’t damage rice plants. But the damages caused by the pests of the fourth generation to rice plants at heading period are serious in recent years. The mechanisms behind the damage were studied through field surveys and lab experiments. The results indicated that the rate of planting area is 70% for the varieties of japonica rice in the area in 2003, which the growth period is prolonged by 15 days or so. The weight of pupae, rate of emergence, life span of adults and fecundity per-day of C. medinalis on Wuyujing 3 (japonica rice) were higher with 40.6%, 54.5%, 24.5% and 82.3% than that of Xieyou 136, respectively. The outbreak of the fourth generation C. medinalis in the area was mainly attributable to the changes of dominant rice varieties. In addition, the warmer autumn (>27℃ during mid and late August) and adverse effects of insecticides on natural enemies enhanced the field population of the fourth generation in the area. The forecast and control of the fourth generation C. medinalis were discussed in this paper.
Key words: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis；outbreaks; cultivation system; climate factor

豌豆彩潜蝇的发生危害及对寄主的选择性=Studies on occurrence and host selectivity of Chromatomyia
horticola (Goureau)
[刊，中]/王莉萍（扬州大学应用昆虫研究所，扬州? 225009）, 杜予州, 嵇怡, 何娅婷, 任礼超//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—397～401
摘要：2004年对扬州地区露地蔬菜上的豌豆彩潜蝇寄主种类及危害程度进行了调查，采用五点取样法共查到豌豆彩潜蝇的蔬菜寄主6科23种，主要分布在菊科、十字花科、豆科和葫芦科等的蔬菜上，其中以莴苣、花椰菜、豌豆、油菜、蚕豆受害最为严重；选择性田间调查和室内试验证明，莴苣是豌豆彩潜蝇最嗜好寄主。根据不同蔬菜上的豌豆彩潜蝇发生危害动态分析了豌豆彩潜蝇在自然条件下对寄主的选择性。图3表4参7
关键词：豌豆彩潜蝇；寄主植物；种群动态；寄主适合性
Abstract: The host plant species and the harm extent of Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) on outdoor vegetables were investigated in 2004 in Yangzhou City. There are 23 species of plants that belong to 6 families as hosts of C. horticola, in which Compositae, Cruciferae, Laguminosae and Cucurbitaceae are the main families. It occurs seriously on lettuce, cauliflower, pea, rape and horsebean. The hosts can be divided into four types: the most fitting host, fitting host, preferable host and secondary host. The oviposition of C. horticola on 8 kinds of hosts selected was checked under microscope, which had proved the investigation of host suitability and lettuce is the favorite host. According to the population dynamics of C. horticola on the outdoor vegetables, the host selectivity of C.? horticola was analyzed under natural condition in this paper.
Key words：Chromatomyia horticola；host plants；population dynamics；host suitability

昆虫病原真菌抗紫外保护剂的筛选和评价=Screening and evaluation of ultraviolet protectants for entomopathogenic fungi in laboratory
[刊，中]/农向群(中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，中国北京 100081), 张泽华, 金正俊//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—402～406
摘要：在室内检测了17种紫外保护剂和4种组合对3种昆虫病原真菌即球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae、蜡蚧轮枝孢Verticillium lacani分生孢子的保护作用。结果表明，苯并三唑类2#的紫外保护作用最好，用紫外杀菌灯照射30 min，苯并三唑类2#对3种菌株孢子的保护效率均达90%以上；苯并三唑类3#、苯甲酮类2#、荧光黄钠、刚果红的保护效率可达60%。组合使用紫外保护剂并不能增强保护效果。选用苯并三唑类2#时，适宜的溶剂是花生油加正己烷（1:1, v/v），使用浓度应大于0.75%。用254、312、365 nm波长紫外灯照射40 min内，1%苯并三唑类2#对3种菌株孢子的保护效率可保持90%，照射180 min后，保护效率在56%～77%。图3表2参9
关键词：紫外保护剂；昆虫病原真菌；分生孢子保护
Abstract: The UV-screen effect of 17 UV-protectants and 4 combinations for conidia of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Verticillium lacanii was inspected in laboratory. UVP-2 (benzotriazole 2#) was confirmed to be the most effective protectant. Protective efficiency of UVP-2 to spores of entomopathogenic fungi was over 90%, and other 4 UVPs, (benzotriazole 3#, oxybenzone 2#, sodium uranine and Congo red) were about 60% after 30 min exposure of spores to UV. Mixture of UVPs did not show higher effectiveness compared to single UVP. The mixture of peanut oil and n-hexane was suitable solute for UVP-2. The effective concentration of UVP-2 should be higher than 0.75% for the protection of fungal conidia. After 40 min and 180 min exposure of fungal conidia to UV light (at λ254nm, λ312nm or λ365nm ), the protective efficiency of UVP-2 could be increased over 90% and 56%-77%, respectively.
Key words：UV protectant; entomopathogenic fungi; conidial protection

昆虫病原线虫共生菌BP品系杀虫毒素基因xptA2的杀虫活性分析=Insecticidal activity of insecticidal toxin
gene xptA2 in Xenorhabdus nematophila BP
[刊，中]/崔龙(河北农业大学植物保护学院， 保定 071001), 王勤英, 邱礼鸿, 庞义//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—407～410
摘要：为进一步研究嗜线虫致病杆菌Xenorhabdus nematophila 杀虫毒素基因簇中各基因的功能，从BP品系的粘粒文库中筛选出一个粘粒克隆XnBP83包含全部的xpt基因，对该粘粒克隆进一步亚克隆得到一个亚克隆菌株Sub9.0，只有一个xpt基因xptA2。以Sub9.0为研究对象，对xptA2的功能作了进一步研究。结果表明，xptA2基因的表达产物与其它xpt基因的表达产物物理混合后无明显增效作用，而将xptA2转入缺失xptA2的粘粒克隆XnBP76和XnBP203后，也同样无明显增效作用。对xptA2的序列分析发现， BP品系的xptA2预测氨基酸序列与已发表序列相比明显存在2个变异区。进一步BLAST分析发现，这2个变异区同昆虫病原线虫共生菌中与口服毒性有关的杀虫毒素蛋白具有同源性。图2表2参8
关键词：嗜线虫致病杆菌 BP品系；杀虫毒素基因；功能分析
Abstract: The insecticidal toxin genes in Xenorhabdus nematophila BP can express toxin proteins that have high insecticidal activity to many Lepidoptera larvae. As a kind of candidate toxin gene for transgenic insect-resistant plants, it is very important to found out the relationships of these genes. Sub9.0, one subclone of a cosmid clone XnBP83 from Xenorhabdus nematophila BP which has all xpt insecticidal genes, was used for studying the function of xptA2 in X. nematophila because only xptA2 presented in this subclone. It was found that protein expressed by xptA2 had oral toxicity to Heliothis armigera but the full oral toxicity of XnBP83 could not be restored when physical mixing of toxins expressed by the 3 genes, xptB1, xptC1 and xptA2. The full oral toxicity of XnBP83 could not be restored when xptA2 was transformed into XnBP76 or XnBP203. Two varied regions were found in the deduced amino acid of xptA2 of X. nematophila BP comparing with that in PMFI296. BLAST results showed that the two regions had homology with XptA1 in X. nematophila PMF1296 and TcdA in P. luminescens W14 which were thought to be associated with oral toxicity to insects.
Key words: Xenorhabdus nematophila BP；insecticidal toxin genes；functional analysis

虫酰肼对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒的增效作用=Synergistic effect of tebufenozide combined with
Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus against Spodoptera exigua
[刊，中]/郭慧芳(南京农业大学植物保护学院，南京 210095), 韩召军, 方继朝, 刘宝生//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—411～415
摘要：研究了以甜菜夜蛾为靶标害虫时，昆虫生长调节剂虫酰肼对苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（AcNPV）的增效作用。结果表明：虫酰肼在作用于甜菜夜蛾时对AcNPV有显著增效作用，不仅可提高杀虫毒力，而且也能提高杀虫速度。作用于3龄和4龄幼虫时，6.67 mg/L虫酰肼对AcNPV的增效比分别是1.31和3.62，使害虫因表现感染病毒症状而死亡的LT50（致死中时）分别缩短10.8%和6.5% ，使害虫因病毒和虫酰肼作用而死亡的LT50分别缩短25%和20.4%。虫酰肼和病毒协同作用还显著抑制了幼虫的生长发育，在协同作用1天后，幼虫体重即显著低于单用病毒或对照，并且随着作用时间的延长，协同作用组幼虫体重与病毒单剂组及对照组的差异越来越大。但6.67mg/L虫酰肼和2.7×105 PIB/mL AcNPV协同作用于幼虫期时，其对存活幼虫发育为成虫后的繁殖力无影响，成虫产卵量、交配率、卵孵化率以及卵孵化幼虫数等均与病毒单剂及虫酰肼单剂无显著差异，也与对照无显著差异。图1表4参9
关键词: 苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒；虫酰肼；甜菜夜蛾；增效作用?
Abstract: Synergism of tebufenozide combined with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) against Spodoptera exigua was studied by bioassay in laboratory. The results showed that tebufenozide had an obvious synergistic effect on AcNPV. It could increase both the activity and the killing speed of AcNPV. The synergistic ratio of 6.67 mg/L tebufenozide with AcNPV against 3rd instar and 4th instar larvae was 1.31 and 3.62, respectively. And the decrease rate of the time required for 3rd instar and 4th instar larvae died of viral infection was 10.8% and 6.5%, while that required for 3rd instar and 4th instar larvae died of viral infection and tebufenozide action was 25% and 20.4% respectively. The development of the larvae treated with the combination of tebufenozide and AcNPV was also retarded. Only treated for 1d, the body weight of larvae in the combined treatment was significantly lower than that in AcNPV treatment and the control, and the difference among them became larger as the treatment continued. But the reproduction of adults survived from the combined treatment was not different from that of the AcNPV treatment, tebufenozide treatment and the control.
Key words: AcNPV; tebufenozide; Spodoptera exigua; synergism

取食不同寄主植物对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫药剂敏感性的影响及其生化机制=Effect of different host plants on
pesticide susceptibility of larvae of Bradysia odoriphaga and its biochemistry mechanism
[刊，中]/ 薛明（山东农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，泰安 271018）,王承香,庞云红//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—416～420
摘要：采用浸渍法研究了分别取食韭菜、大葱、圆葱和大蒜的韭菜迟眼蕈蚊4龄幼虫对大蒜油、苦参碱和辛硫磷的敏感性，用生化分析法测定了敌敌畏和大蒜油对幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶和主要代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明：大蒜油对取食韭菜、大葱、圆葱和大蒜4龄幼虫的LC50分别为825.14、1202.2、1274.3和1412.4 mg/L；辛硫磷分别为0.5437、1.1921、1.7713和1.9224 mg/L，两种药剂对取食大蒜和圆葱幼虫的毒力较取食韭菜的差异显著。取食大蒜和圆葱的幼虫较取食韭菜的其体内乙酰胆碱酯酶活力降低，羧酸酯酶的活力明显提高，谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的活力也有一定提高。寄主植物所含的硫醚类化合物对乙酰胆碱酯酶和代谢酶的诱导或抑制可能是引起药剂敏感性差异的主要原因。表4参15
关键词：韭菜迟眼蕈蚊；寄主植物；杀虫剂；敏感性；机制
Abstract: Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang larvae were fed with leek, garlic, onion and scallion, respectively. The susceptibilities of the fourth instar larvae to garlic oil, sophocarpidine and phoxim were studied using dipping method. Effects of dichlorvos and garlic oil on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and some main metabolizing enzymes in the larva were also studied by biochemical analysis method. The LC50 values of? garlic oil to the larvae fed with leek, garlic, onion and scallion were 825.14 mg/L，1202.2 mg/L，1274.3 mg/L and 1412.4 mg/L, respectively, and those of phoxim were 0.5437 mg/L，1.1921 mg/L，1.7713 mg/L and 1.9224 mg/L. Significant differences of the LC50 values were observed between the larvae fed with garlic and onion and fed with leek. Compared with the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the larva fed with leek, the activities of AChE of the larva fed with garlic and onion were depressed, but that of carboxyleterase was obviously increased, and that of glutathione-S-transferase was relatively increased. The induction or the restraint of the acetylcholinesterase and other related metabolizing enzymes by the thioether compounds in the host plants might be the main reason to cause the differences in the pesticide susceptibility of the larvae.
Key words: Bradysia odoriphaga; host plant; insecticide; susceptibility; mechanism

发酵时间和乙二酸前体对小核盘菌生物除草剂致病力的影响=Effects of fermentation duration and precursors of oxalic acid on the virulence of herbicide of Sclerotinia minor
[刊，中]/许修宏(黑龙江省农业科学院博士后工作站， 东北农业大学博士后流动站，中国哈尔滨 150030), A K Watson, M P Teshler//植物保护学报. —2005，32（4）.—421～424
摘要：以粉碎的大麦颗粒为培养基，采用固体发酵法制作小核盘菌Sclerotinia minor Jagger生物除草剂，研究发酵时间和乙二酸生物合成前体物质对除草菌的生活力、致病力及乙二酸产量的影响，以期为提高除草菌除草效率提供理论依据。发酵7天的液体菌种生产的除草菌生活力达到最大，为65.0 mm，发酵6天的液体菌种生产的除草菌致病力达到最大，为55.8 mm；固体发酵6天的除草菌的生活力、致病力和乙二酸产量均达到最大，分别为64.3 mm、54.3 mm和0.131 mg/g；添加乙二酸前体对除草菌生活力没有明显影响。添加浓度为56 mmol/L的琥珀酸钠和柠檬酸后，除草菌中乙二酸产量分别比对照增加了64.4%和39.7%，除草菌的致病力分别增加了12.4%和5.4%，乙二酸产量与致病力之间存在正相关性。图1表2参12
关键词：发酵时间;乙二酸前体;小核盘菌;生物除草剂;致病力
Abstract: Barley grits were used to produce herbicidal Sclerotinia minor Jagger by solid fermentation. Effects of fermentation duration and precursors of oxalic acid on viability, virulence and oxalic acid production of S. minor were measured to provide data for improving its herbicidal effect. S. minor had the highest viability of 65.0 mm when mycelium from liquid fermentation for 7 days was used and the highest virulence of 55.8 mm when mycelium from liquid fermentation for 6 days was used. Herbicide produced from 6 days solid fermentation had the highest viability, virulence and oxalic acid production, which were 64.3 mm, 54.3 mm and 0.131 mg/g respectively. Precursors of oxalic acid had no significant influence on the viability of S. minor. Addition of 56 mmol/L sodium succinate and citric acid raised the oxalic acid production in S. minor by 64.4% and 39.7% respectively and raised its virulence by 12.4% and 5.4% respectively. Positive correspondence was found between oxalic acid production and virulence.
Key words: Duration of fermentation; precursor of oxalic acid; Sclerotinia minor; bioherbicide; virulence

植物对虫害的系统获得性抗性及抗虫与抗病信号途径间的相互作用=Plant systemic acquired resistance to
insect and a cross-talk between pathogen and insect resistance signal molecules
[刊，中]/何伟（兰州大学生命科学学院，兰州 730000）, 李红玉, 段建功, 李欣//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—425～430
摘要：受病原体感染后，植物会获得一种持久广泛的抗性，称为系统获得性抗性，受到昆虫侵害时也会获得类似的系统获得性抗性。植物系统抗虫与抗病信号分子不同，前者是茉莉酸（JA）、甲基茉莉酸（Me-JA）或系统素，而后者是水杨酸（SA）。SA介导的系统抗病信号途径与JA等介导的系统抗虫信号途径并非完全独立，而是存在所谓的“交叉对话”，但“交叉对话”结果是相互促进还是抑制仍不清楚。植物系统抗性信号及其互作研究无疑会完善植物保护策略。参49
关键词：虫害；系统获得性抗性；水杨酸；茉莉酸；昆植互作
Abstract: After pathogen infection, plant will acquire a long lasting broad-spectrum resistance, known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Plant can also acquire a similar SAR after insect attack. The signal molecules of these two kinds of SAR are different: Of pathogen, it is salicylic acid (SA）；And of insect, it is jasmonic acid (JA), methyl-jasmonic acid (Me-JA) or systemin. SAR signal transduction pathways mediated by JA, Me-JA or systermin is not thoroughly independent of by SA, but has a cross-talk between them, and whether the influence of their cross-talk on each other is promotion or reduction is still unknown. But it is undoubted that research on this subject will contribute to the foundation of plant protection strategies.
Key words: Insect pest; systemic acquired resistance; salicylic acid; jasmonic acid; insect-plant interaction

用无菌苗法鉴定油菜对菌核病的抗（耐）病性=Identification of disease resistance (tolerance) of
rapeseed to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using aseptic seedlings
[刊，中]/张志元(长沙大学生物技术研究所，长沙 410003), 官春云//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—431～432

菜心不同抗病品种感染炭疽病菌后丙二醛含量及几种酶活性的变化=Changes in MDA content and activities of some enzymes in susceptible and resistant false pakchoi cultivars after inoculation with Colletotrichum higginsianum
[刊，中]/刘爱媛（华南农业大学园艺学院，广州 510642）, 陈维信, 李欣允//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—433～434

9种植物精油对玉米象成虫驱避和种群抑制作用=Population inhibition and repellent activity of 9 kinds of essential oils against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
[刊，中]/张海燕（西南大学 重庆市昆虫学及害虫控制工程重点实验室，重庆 400716）, 邓永学,王进军//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—435～436

绿色木霉对小麦防御酶系的影响=Effects of Trichoderma viride on wheat defense enzymes
[刊，中]/杨勇(山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018), 张启林,杜宜新,于金凤,刘开启//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—437～438

玉米灰斑病菌生理分化的鉴别寄主体系=Setup of differential host system for the identification of
physiological differentiation in gray leaf spot pathogen of maize
[刊，中]/王桂清(聊城大学农学院，聊城 252059), 陈捷//植物保护学报.
—2005，32（4）.—439～440