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水稻品种抗瘟遗传多样性分析及其应用=Genetic analysis of diversity of rice resistance to Magnaporthe grisea and its use for rice blast control[刊，中]/马辉刚(江西农业科学院植物保护研究所，南昌330200)，黄瑞荣，孙雁，朱有勇，刘康成//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—113～116
摘要：以水稻的Xa21基因中富含亮氨酸重复区域（leucine-rich repeat regions）设计的XLRR for(CCGTTGGACAGGAAGGAG)与XLRR
rev (CCCATAGACCGGACTGTT)为引物，通过PCR扩增、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染检测，进行了江西省水稻主栽品种和地方资源品种的抗病基因类似序列（resistance gene analogue, RGA）分析。结果表明，水稻抗病基因类似序列类型丰富, 供试的23个品种的
RGA-PCR指纹聚类后，当以欧氏距离4.5划分时，可分为6个遗传相似组。同一遗传相似组内的品种，在品种的特性上，有较强的相似性，如第二组，由两个品种大禾谷和长粒糯组成，它们均为高秆的地方优质老品种，生产上均较感稻瘟病。烂蔸糯和流稻糯两个糯稻品种，属同一遗传相似组。当以欧氏距离5.0划分时，可分为2个遗传相似组，其中一组包括圆粒糯、大禾谷、长粒糯等江西三个地方老品种和巴西陆稻。主栽品种汕优63、两优培九等与烂蔸糯、圆粒糯等优质地方老品种，遗传距离较远。田间试验表明，遗传背景差异较大的品种混合间栽，对稻瘟病平均防效达91.98%～95.68%。图1表2参7
关键词: 水稻；抗病基因同源序列；稻瘟病；品种多样性
Abstract: The genetic diversity of blast rice resistance of the rice commercial and local resource cultivars in Jiangxi Province were studied using resistance gene analogue (RGA) based on resistance gene conserved sequences. The RGA analysis for 23 cultivars was proceeded by the PCR amplification using the primers XLRR for/ XLRR rev designed based on the resistance gene Xa21 for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The results showed that rice cultivars were genetically highly diverse. All the cultivars were divided into 6 lineages according to the DNA band data at the lineage distance of 4.5, and divided into 2 lineages at the lineage distance of 5. Field experiments of mixed- and pure-planting of four rice varieties, representing hybrid varieties (Shanyou 63 and Liangyoupeijiu) and traditional high-quality varieties (Landounuo and Yuanlinuo), were conducted based on the differences in their genetic backgrounds. The mixed-planting of the hybrid rice and traditional high-quality rice varieties had a significant effect on the occurrence of the rice blast, particularly for the highly susceptible traditional varieties, with significant decrease in incidence and disease index and 91.98%-95.68% of control efficiency. This suggests that appropriate mixed-planting of rice varieties with different genetic backgrounds is an effective approach for rice blast control.
Key words: Rice; resistance gene analogue; rice blast; variety diversity
小偃6号高温下抗条锈性的遗传分析=Inheritance analysis of stripe rust resistance of wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 6 under
the high temperature[刊，中]/姚秋燕(西北农林科技大学植物保护学院与陕西省农业分子生物学重点实验室，陕西 杨凌 712100)，徐智斌，王美南，井金学, 商鸿生//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—117～121
摘要：小偃6号是20世纪70年代末利用长穗偃麦草基因育成的小麦品种，具有高温抗条锈性，研究其抗条锈遗传基础，对揭示其抗病机制和培育持久抗病品种有重要意义。本研究采用常规杂交分析方法，在20～22℃条件下，用小麦条锈菌系CY29、CY30、CY31、CY32和Su-4分别接种小偃6号、铭贤169及其杂交F2代各株系幼苗，对小偃6号进行了抗条锈性遗传分析。结果表明，小偃6号对菌系CY31、CY29和Su-4的抗病性是由1显1隐2对基因独立遗传控制；对菌系CY30 和CY32的抗病性由2对互补显性基因控制。此研究结果为选育持久抗病品种提供了必要的遗传信息，建议作为抗源在抗病育种中加以利用。表6参12
关键词：小偃6号；小麦条锈菌；高温抗条锈性；遗传分析
Abstract: Xiaoyan 6 is an elite wheat cultivar with high-temperature resistance to stripe rust, developed by using exogenous genes from Elytrigia elongata at the end of 70’s last century. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance gene in Xiaoyan 6 is important for revealing mechanism of resistance to stripe rust and developing durable cultivar. In controlling temperature (20-22℃), seedlings of Xiaoyan 6, Mingxian 169 and their F2 progeny were tested with Chinese races (CY29, CY30, CY31, CY32 and Su-4) of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The results indicated that the resistance of Xiaoyan 6 to CY 31, CY 29 and Su-4 is controlled by one dominant gene and one recessive gene, and two complementary dominant genes to CY32 and CY30 in Xiaoyan 6. Xiaoyan 6 as resistant resource and its genetic information should be useful in breeding durable resistant cultivar to stripe rust.
Key words: Xiaoyan 6; Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; high-temperature resistance to stripe rust; inheritance analysis
BION诱导小麦幼苗抗叶锈病研究=Induced resistance of wheat seedlings to Puccinia triticina by BION treatment[刊，中]/陈荣丽(中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100094)，刘太国，黄云，程登发，陈万权//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—122～126
摘要：研究了BION（有效成分为苯并噻二唑，BTH）对小麦幼苗叶锈病的诱导抗性与苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL)、多酚氧化酶（polyphenoloxidase, PPO）和过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）活性的关系。结果表明：BION诱导麦苗抗叶锈病的最佳浓度为200 mg/L；在诱导处理和接种之间至少需要2天才能诱导抗性表达，间隔4天的诱导抗性效果最好，这种抗性的持久期至少14 天。BION处理麦苗第1叶，可使未处理的第2叶也表现出抗性，但处理后至少需要48 h这种抗性才能表达。以浓度为200 mg/L的BION处理小麦叶片4 天后接种，PAL、PPO、POD的活性均高于对照，在接种2 天后产生一个峰值，BION水溶液对小麦叶锈菌夏孢子的萌发无明显抑制作用。由此认为，BION可诱导小麦幼苗产生对叶锈病的系统获得抗性。图1表3参16
关键词：BION；小麦叶锈病；诱导抗病性
Abstract: The induced resistance of wheat seedling to leaf rust was tested while spraying with BION (benzo (1, 2, 3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester, BTH). The results indicated that the optimum concentration of BION was 200 mg/L for the induction of leaf rust resistance on wheat seedling. The induced activity produced at least two days after spraying with BION while inoculated with challenge pathogen, Puccinia triticina, and could last at least for fourteen days once induced. The highest induction effect was obtained on four days later after spraying with BION. The second leaves of wheat seedlings could produce the induced resistance to leaf rust while the first leaves were sprayed with BION, which could be detected at 48 hours post-spraying. The induced resistance with BION was not able to change the infection type of leaf rust in wheat seedling stage, but the number of leaf rust uredia could be significantly reduced on the second leaves. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) on the wheat leaves sprayed with BION at the concentration of 200 mg/L were higher than that on the untreated ones. Three peaks of PAL, PPO and POD activities appeared on the second day after treated with BION while inoculated with Puccinia triticina on Zhengzhou 891. The germination of urediniospores could not be inhibited by BION in vitro. So, it is concluded that BION-induced resistance against wheat leaf rust is most likely to be a response of systemic acquired resistance.
Key words: BION; wheat leaf rust; induced resistance
轮纹病菌侵染对不同抗性苹果品种膜透性及防御酶的影响=The effects of infection of Botryosphaeria berengriana
f.sp.piricola on cell membrane permeability and defendant enzymes in different resistance cultivars of apple[刊，中]/李广旭(辽宁省果树科学研究所，熊岳 115214)，杨华，高圣华，张治东，金城//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—127～130
摘要：对轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria berengriana f. sp. piricola侵染3个不同抗性苹果品种枝条后的细胞膜透性及防御酶系的变化进行了测定，以分析其与抗性的关系。结果表明，接种后38天内，3个品种电解质渗出率均有先升后降的趋势，鸡冠、国光和富士电解质渗出率变化的峰值分别为8.1％、12.2％和 18.4％，抗病品种鸡冠的变化明显低于感病品种富士和国光。接种后35天内，苯丙氨酸解氨酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶也表现为先升后降的趋势，且抗病品种的峰值出现较晚。抗病品种鸡冠的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性变化峰值分别为234、50.88 U?g-1 FW ? h-1和14.22 U? g-1 FW ? min-1，高于国光和富士，而多酚氧化酶活性变化的峰值为37.78 U?g-1 FW ? min-1，低于感病品种国光和富士。图2参14
关键词：轮纹病菌；细胞膜透性；防御酶；抗病性
Abstract: At several stages after inoculated by Botryosphaeria berengriana f. sp. piricola., three cultivars of apple, with different levels of resistance to apple ring rot disease on stem, were analysed for the cell membrane permeability and activities of defendant enzymes. Within 38 days after inoculation, the change of electrolyte leakage rate (ELR) of three apple cultivars showed similar trend, increased at first and followed by a decrease. The maximum changes of ELR of Jiguan, Ralls and Fuji reached 8.1％, 12.2% and 18.4% respectively. The change was lower in resistant cultivar (Jiguan) than in susceptible cultivars (Fuji and Ralls). The change of phenylanine ammonialyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in three apple cultivars showed the induced peaks following the inoculation and the peak of resistant cultivar (Jiguan) appeared later than susceptible cultivars (Ralls and Fuji). The maximum changes of PAL, SOD and POD of Jiguan reached 234, 50.88 U ? g-1 FW ? h-1 and 14.22 U ? g-1 FW ? min-1 respectively and were higher than those of Ralls and Fuji. The maximum change of PPO of Jiguan was 37.78 U ? g-1 FW ? min-1, lower than those of Ralls and Fuji.
Key words: Botryosphaeria berengriana f. sp. piricola; cell membrane permeability; defendant enzyme; resistance
苹果梨黑斑病的发生及侵染过程=Occurrence and infection of Alternaria rot of Pingguoli pear, Pyrus pyrifolia [刊，中]/李永才(甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院，兰州 730070)，毕阳//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—131～135
摘要：苹果梨果实的黑斑病为典型的潜伏侵染性病害，采后冷藏60天，表面光滑无任何症状，采后90天开始，皮孔或萼筒伸出黑灰色菌丝，进而其周围组织坏死形成黑斑。采后100天，黑斑病的发病率达28.86%。黑斑病是由链格孢Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.侵染引起的，链格孢在采前可经两条途径侵入苹果梨果实。一是在花朵开放时经花柱侵入，花后50天定殖于花柱的病原菌通过萼室间组织陆续进入心室，至采收时，心室中链格孢出现率可达45%；二是自果实膨大期开始侵入果皮，潜伏于皮下组织，至采收时萼端、胴部、梗端链格孢的带菌率分别为40%、24%和42.8%。图2表2参11
关键词：苹果梨；黑斑病；侵染过程
Abstract: Alternaria rot of Pingguoli pear was a disease with latent infection character. Fruit surface showed sound within 60 days storage at cool condition (0℃, RH 85%-90%), black-gray hyphae could be seen in lenticels or calyx tube after 90 days storage, then tissues around lenticels collapsed and resulted in visible black spot. The incidence of Alternaria rot reached 28.86% at 100 days storage. The causal fungus isolated from the black spots was identified as Alternaria alternata（Fr.）Keissl. This pathogen was able to infect fruits through two pathways during pear growing season. The pathogenic fungus can colonize firstly on styles at blossoming stage and grow into carpel cavities gradually after 50 days of petal fall. The colonization of the pathogen could be 45% in carpel cavity till harvest time. It can also attack fruit surface and remained latent under epidermal cells during fruit development. The colonization of the pathogen at calyx end, middle part and stem end of fruit peel was 40%, 24% and 42.8% respectively at harvest time.
Key words: Pingguoli pear; Alternaria rot; infection
应用RT-PCR检测温州蜜柑萎缩病毒=RT-PCR detection of Satsuma dwarf virus[刊，中]/高艳玲(中国农业科学院柑橘研究所，重庆 400712)， 周常勇，王雪峰，周彦，刘英//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—136～140
摘要：温州蜜柑萎缩病是以日本为主的少数亚洲国家柑橘上的重要病毒病害，多数柑橘品种隐症带毒，不易发现，对其早期准确快速检测尤为重要。以毒源植株的叶、枝皮为材料，对提取的总RNA和总核酸进行反转录和PCR扩增，通过SDV特异引物的设计与筛选，反应体系与反应程序的建立与优化，扩增得到一个251 bp的特异片段，测序结果与日本Iwanami报道的SDV序列同源性为99.6%。RT-PCR检测体系的灵敏度为100 ng, 同时应用该检测体系可以全年检测到毒源植株嫩叶、嫩皮、老叶、老皮中的SDV。图5参10
关键词：温州蜜柑萎缩病；RT-PCR；检测
Abstract: Satsuma dwarf virus（SDV） is an important citrus virus mainly occurred in Japan and other Asian countries. Generally most hosts carry the virus without symptom. To facilitate efficiently detecting SDV, especially from the symptomless hosts, new diagnostic methods are in demand. In this study, the total RNAs or total nucleic acids extracted from the tissue of citrus infected with SDV were used as template. The primers were specifically designed and selected. The reaction system of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been set up and optimized. A target band of 251 bp was obtained, which has 99.6% of sequence homology compared with the sequence reported by Iwanami in Japan. The sensitivity of RT-PCR system for SDV in this study is 100 ng. Tissues of young leaf, matured leaf, young bark, matured bark are available for detection of SDV throughout the year.
Key words: Satsuma dwarf virus; RT-PCR; detection
生防菌Bs-916离子注入突变高效菌株筛选及抑菌防病效果=Screening of mutation high-yielding biocontrol bacterium Bs-916 by ion implantation and the effect of inhibiting pathogenes and controlling disease[刊，中]/李德全(江苏农业科学院植物保护研究所，南京 210014)，陈志谊，刘永锋，刘邮洲//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—141～145
摘要：枯草芽孢杆菌生防菌Bs-916是一种在水稻病害防治中发挥作用的生防因子,为进一步提高其拮抗性能，获得生防效果更好的高效菌种，利用不同剂量的N+对Bs-916进行离子注入处理，在1300个诱变处理的菌株中，经过初筛、复筛和定量筛选，筛选到11株拮抗性能比出发菌Bs-916提高10%以上的菌株，对筛选出的高效突变菌株进行室内抑菌和田间防病测定。结果表明，离子注入生防菌Bs-916的最适剂量为150～250×2.6×1013 N+/cm2；突变菌株的抑菌拮抗带宽提高率比出发菌株Bs-916高4.3%～30.7%；防病效果比Bs-916高3.2%～19.1%。表4参14
关键词：枯草芽孢杆菌；离子注入；诱变筛选；抑菌防病
Abstract: Bs-916 of Bacillus subtilis was an important biocontrol factor in control of rice disease. In order to improve the growth rate and antagonistic ability of the strain, and to obtain high-efficiency strains, N+ of different doses was implanted into the biocontrol bacterium Bs-916. Of 1300 strains mutation treated, 11 strains antagonisnic ability increased more than 10% that of Bs-916, by the first and the second screening, and fix quantify screening. Efficiency of inhibiting pathogens of the screened strains in vitro and controlling disease in the fields were measured. The results indicated that the optimum dose of ion implantation for the Bs-916 was 150×2.6×1013 N+/cm2 to 250×2.6×1013 N+/cm2; inhibition zone of the screened strains against Rhizoctonia solani were increased by 4.3%-30.7% in vitro; the control effect of rice sheath blight increased by 3.2%-19.1% over that of Bs-916.
Key words: Bacillus subtilis; ion implantation; mutation screen; inhibiting pathogenes and controlling disease
夏橙绿斑病病原鉴定及其化学防治=The pathogen identification of Citrus sinensis green spot disease and its chemical control[刊，中]/王大平(西南大学园艺园林学院，重庆 400716)，李道高//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—146～150
摘要：对重庆夏橙基地夏橙发生的绿斑病症状和病原藻形态进行了观察，并进行了病原藻分离及致病性测定。结果表明，该病是由绿藻门虚幻球藻属虚幻球藻Apatococcus lobatus所致。室内毒力测定表明，50%新灵（多菌灵+代森锰锌）WP、62.25%仙生（腈菌唑+代森锰锌）WP、10%世高WG、25%炭特灵WP与53.8%可杀得DF对病原藻的生长都具有一定的抑制作用，其EC50分别为2.3531、2.6234、9.3815 、13.8816、28.9808 mg/kg。田间小区试验结果表明，50%新灵WP 600倍和62.25%仙生WP 600倍液的防治效果较好，其次为10%世高WG 1000倍和53.8%可杀得DF 1000倍液，而25%炭特灵WP 600倍液的防治效果较低。经方差分析，处理间存在显著差异。图2表2参6
关键词：夏橙绿斑病；虚幻球藻；杀菌剂；病害控制
Abstract: In view of the prevalence of green spot disease in Citrus sinensis Osbeck base in Chongqing, its symptoms and the shapes of its pathogens were observed. The separation of its pathogens and the determination of its pathogenicity were also conducted. The results showed that Citrus sinensis green spot disease was a new disease caused by Apatococcus lobatus of Chlorophyta. Effective concentration (EC50) of 50% carbendazim+mancozeb WP, 62.25% myclobutanil+mancozeb WP, 10% difenoconazole WG, 25% bromothalonil WP and 53.8% copper hydroxide DF to inhibit the growth of Apatococcus lobatus was 2.3531, 2.6234, 9.3815, 13.8816 and 28.9808 mg/kg by toxicity tests in the laboratory , respectively. The control effect of 600 times 50% carbendazim+mancozeb WP, 600 times 62.25% myclobutanil+mancozeb WP to the growth of Apatococcus lobatus by field tests was higher than that of 1000 times 10% difenoconazole WG, 1000 times 53.8% copper hydroxide DF and 600 times 25% bromothalonil WP. There was significant differences between treatments by Duncan’s test.
Key words: Citrus sinensis green spot disease; Apatococcus lobatus; fungicides; disease control
生防菌对青枯雷尔氏菌强致病力和无致病力菌株生长竞争的影响=Influences of the biocontrol strain ANTI-8098A, Bacillus cereus on the growth competition between the virulent and avirulent strains of Ralstonia solanacearum[刊，中]/葛慈斌(福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所，福州 350003)，刘波，林营志，朱育菁，肖荣凤//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—151～156
摘要：采用共培养法研究了不同温度下青枯雷尔氏菌强致病力菌株F-01-V与无致病力菌株F-01-A之间的生长竞争、生防菌ANTI-8098A胞外物质对F-01-V和F-01-A生长的影响以及对F-01-V与F-01-A之间生长竞争关系的影响。结果表明，在15、20、25、30和35℃，菌株F-01-V、F-01-A单独静置培养48 h后，F-01-V活菌数的增长率最高可达123.7%，F-01-A的活菌数下降，最大降幅为60.7%；当F-01-V与F-01-A等量混合培养时，F-01-V能继续增长，但48 h后的增长率不如单独培养时的高，F-01-A的生长受到促进，使得这两个菌株的活菌数之比（F-01-V/F-01-A）与混合前的比值（0.97）相近；生防菌胞外物质对F-01-V有较强的抑制作用，抑制率与温度呈正相关，对F-01-A具有促进生长的作用，促长率也与温度呈正相关；生防菌胞外物质对F-01-V的抑制作用和对F-01-A的促进生长作用，导致在生防菌液、F-01-V与F-01-A共存的环境中，F-01-V与F-01-A之间的生长竞争向着有利于F-01-A的方向发展，使F-01-A成为优势菌株，特别是在30℃以上的温度下，F-01-V/F-01-A小于0.01，F-01-A的优势极为明显。表4参23
关键词：青枯雷尔氏菌；生防菌ANTI-8098A；无致病力菌株；生长竞争
Abstract：The present paper dealt with the growth competition between the virulent strain F-01-V and avirulent strain F-01-A of Ralstonia solanacearum, and the effects of the extracellular substances of bacterial-wilt-disease biocontrol strain ANTI-8098A, Bacillus cereus on the growths of strains F-01-V and F-01-A as well as influences of strain ANTI-8098A on the growth competitions at different temperatures. The results showed that the numbers of strain F-01-V increased with the largest increasing rate of 123.7%, that of strain F-01-A decreased with the largest decreasing rate of 60.7%, when they were separately maintained at temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃ for 48 h, respectively. While they were in mixing cultures of strain F-01-V and F-01-A for 48 h, the growth of strain F-01-V was inhibited and the growth of strain F-01-A was facilitated. The extracellular substances of strain ANTI-8098A could inhibit the growth of strain F-01-V, but it could facilitate the growth of strain F-01-A. There was a positive correlation between the inhibiting (or the facilitating) rate and temperature. When the mixed cultures were maintained at temperatures at 30℃, the ratio values of F-01-V/F-01-A were less than 0.01, which indicated the strain F-01-A were significantly dominated.
Key words: Ralstonia solanacearum; biocontrol strain ANTI-8098A; avirulent strains; growth competition
麦二叉蚜取食两种不同抗性小麦所引起的基因表达差异=Gene expression of two resistant wheat varieties after Schizaphis graminum feeding[刊，中]/祝传书(西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西 杨凌 712100），赵惠燕//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—157～162
摘要：用RT-PCR 和cDNA-AFLP 方法研究了两个不同抗性水平的小麦品种在不同危害时间后6个特异选择的基因和全部基因的差异表达。结果表明，在感蚜品种千斤早中，48 h LOX表达最充分，而在抗蚜品种ASTRON中，LOX 基因在72 h时才表达最强。AOS 基因在感蚜品种千斤早中与LOX表达一致，48 h表达最强，在抗蚜品种ASTRON中，AOS 基因持续表达。PDF1.2 基因在抗蚜品种ASTRON中持续表达，但在感蚜品种千斤早中仅在48 h有较强的表达。PAL基因在不同时间段内都无明显表达差异。PR-1基因在抗蚜品种ASTRON中，在72、96 h诱导表达，而在感蚜品种千斤早中不表达。BGL2基因在抗蚜品种ASTRON中，48 h后有较强的表达，而在感蚜品种千斤早中也无明显表达。通过cDNA-AFLP分析，进一步验证了不同危害时间、不同品种间的基因差异。从这些差异的基因中分离了10个基因并对其序列进行了分析，结果表明，蚜虫取食诱导的防卫反应涉及十八烷酸途径和病菌相关蛋白。图2表3参14
关键词: 小麦；蚜虫；基因表达差异；cDNA-AFLP
Abstract: In order to demonstrate the difference in plant defense response after aphid feeding, six specific genes and differential expression genes in two resistant varieties in different time were analyzed through using RT-PCR and cDNA-AFLP. The results showed that LOX gene expresses highly in 48 h in susceptible variety and strongly induces in 72 h in resistant variety. The gene of AOS is parallel to LOX in susceptible variety, but AOS always expresses in resistant variety. The PDF1.2 expresses all the times in resistant variety, but only 48 h in susceptible variety. There is no difference on PAL gene in two varieties. In resistant variety, PR-1 gene is induced in 72 h and 96 h but no change in susceptible variety. BGL2 expresses strongly after 48 h in resistant variety, but no expression in susceptible variety. The cDNA-AFLP results demonstrated many differential expression genes after aphid feeding from in two wheat varieties. We isolated ten genes randomly and analyzed their sequence. The defense involved octadecanoid pathway and pathogenesis-related proteins.
Key words: Wheat; aphid; gene differential expression; cDNA-AFLP
华北北部地区二代棉铃虫成虫迁飞行为的雷达观测= Radar observations on the migratory behavior of the second generation cotton bollworm moths in the north part of northern China[刊，中]/吴孔明(中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京100094)，翟保平,封洪强,程登发,郭予元//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—163～167
摘要：迁飞习性是棉铃虫区域性灾变的生物学基础，明确棉铃虫的迁飞行为对发展预警技术有重要的意义。2000年7～8月华北地区棉铃虫大发生期间，利用昆虫雷达和空中诱虫灯在河北省廊坊市观测研究了棉铃虫成虫的迁飞行为。试验结果表明，与地面棉铃虫相比，高空棉铃虫具有明显的迁飞昆虫生理特征。棉铃虫成虫一般在日落后30 min（20:00）左右大量起飞，种群密度在1 h后达到峰值。此后，随着成虫的大量迁出，空中密度逐渐下降。棉铃虫成虫从低空到高空起飞过程中位移方向多呈顺时针旋转，借助夏季盛行风飞行。成虫飞行成层多集中在200～300 m高度，最髙可达1000 m。多数个体位移速率35～45 km/h，整个夜间的迁移活动持续7～8 h，迁移距离大约250～450 km。图5表1参10
关键词：棉铃虫；迁飞行为；雷达观测
Abstract: The migratory behavior of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a key factor resulting in its regional outbreak in China, and the understanding for relationship between migratory activity of the pest and climate environment is essential for establishing a population forecasting system. The migratory behavior of the second generation moths of Helicoverpa armigera was observed with insect radar in July and August 2000 at Langfang, Hebei Province. Alongside, a vertical pointing searchlight trap and a conventional light-trap were simultaneously operated to sample insect populations from high altitude and from near ground level respectively. Ovarian development analysis to the moths captured indicated that H. armigera population from high altitude was comprised of predominantly young individuals, and showed a typical physiological characteristic of migrating insects. H. armigera moths were observed to take off at dusk (20:00), a half hour after sunset, and population density reached peak period in 1 h. Then, the area density decreased gradually as the moths emigrated. The moths generally ascended to altitudes of up to 1000 m above ground level (AGL) with directions spiral clockwise up to high altitude, and formed main migrating layers at 200-300 m AGL. In most cases, the moths displaced at speed of 35-45 km/h and lasted 7-8 h in one night with the migration distance of 250-450 km.
Key words: Cotton bollworm; migratory behavior; radar observation
B型烟粉虱携带传播烟草曲茎病毒的能力=Acquisition and transmission of Tobacco curly shoot virus by the B biotype of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci[刊，中]/纠敏（浙江大学昆虫科学研究所, 杭州 310029）, 周雪平,刘树生//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—168～172
摘要：B型烟粉虱近20年来入侵许多国家和地区，已成为重要的世界性作物害虫，其主要危害方式之一是传播双生病毒，造成作物病毒病大发生。应用PCR技术，研究了入侵我国的B型烟粉虱个体获取、存留及传播烟草曲茎病毒（Tobacco curly shoot virus, TbCSV）的能力。B型烟粉虱在感染TbCSV的普通烟毒株上饲毒30 min时，就可在40%的个体内检测到TbCSV DNA，个体带毒率随饲毒时间延长而增加，饲毒12 h后，带毒率达100%；TbCSV DNA在B型烟粉虱体内可存留10天左右，但不能终身存留；传毒处理植株的发病症状及PCR检测结果表明，B型烟粉虱是TbCSV的传播媒介。图2参30
关键词：B型烟粉虱；烟草曲茎病毒；病毒传播
Abstract: The B biotype of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), has invaded many countries and regions of the world in the last 20 years and now become one of the most important crop pests worldwide. One of the major ways causing damage by this pest is transmission of geminiviruses. In this study, the capacity for B biotype of the whitefly to acquire, retain and transmit Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TbCSV DNA was detected in 40% of whiteflies that had fed for 30 min on TbCSV-infected tobacco plants. Percent acquisition of TbCSV by individual whiteflies increased with increase of acquisition time and reached 100% after 12 h. TbCSV DNA was retained in viruliferous whiteflies for about ten days, but not for the entire life of the vector. As shown by the symptoms of the infected plants following virus transmission and the result by PCR, the B biotype of the whitefly proves to be a vector of TbCSV.
Key words: Bemisia tabaci; Tobacco curly shoot virus; virus transmission
斜纹夜蛾对番茄挥发物的诱导作用及其对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用=Allelopathic potential of tomato volatiles induced by Spodoptera litura feeding[刊，中]/刘少群(华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所，广州 510642)，谭志勇，徐涛，王建武//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—173～177
摘要：采用Tenax-TA吸附剂吸附法结合气相色谱和气质联用仪，在不同处理的番茄中共分离鉴定了15种挥发性化合物。这些挥发物主要由绿叶性气味物质、萜烯类物质（包括单萜、倍半萜及其衍生物）和水杨酸甲酯等成分组成。并发现斜纹夜蛾危害与机械损伤对绿叶性气味物质具有相似的诱导作用，而萜烯类物质和水杨酸甲酯等物质在斜纹夜蛾危害植株中的含量显著高于其在健康植株与机械损伤植株中的含量。斜纹夜蛾诱导植物释放的几种挥发物, 以及(E)-2-己烯-1-醇和茉莉酸甲酯对萝卜幼苗具有化感作用，表现为对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用。其中绿叶性气味物质（(E)-2-己烯醛，(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇，(E)-2-己烯-1-醇）和茉莉酸甲酯对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用较强，其次为水杨酸甲酯，而芳樟醇和子丁香烯两种萜类物质的抑制作用相对较小。同时证实这些挥发物的化感活性有明显的浓度效应。图1表1参22
关键词：斜纹夜蛾；番茄；虫害诱导的挥发物；化感作用
Abstract: Fifteen components of the headspace volatiles from tomato plants infested by herbivore S. litura were collected with Tenax-TA trap and identified with GC-MS. These volatiles are composed of green leaf volatiles, terpenoids (including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their derivatives) and methyl salicylate (MeSA). Significant differences in volatile emissions were observed for plants with different treatments. Mechanically damaged plants and S. litura infested plants released the same amounts of green leaf volatiles, but plants infested by S. litura released much higher amounts of terpenoids and MeSA than those in undamaged plants and mechanically damaged plants. The allelopathic effects of five herbivore-induced plant volatiles，(E)-2-hexen-1-ol and methyl jasmonate on the seedling growth of radish were further investigated. The results showed that green leaf volatiles, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, MeSA and methyl jasmonic acid （MeJA） significantly inhibited the seedling growth of tested plants with a dose-dependent relationship. Linalool and ?-caryophyllene had a slightly inhibitory effect on the seedling growth of radish in tested concentrations.
Key words: Spodoptera litura; tomato; herbivore-induced volatiles; allelopathy
甲酸乙酯对米象不同虫态的熏蒸作用=Fumigation activity of ethyl formate against the adults and immature stages of Sitophilus oryzae (L.)[刊，中]/唐培安(西南大学重庆市昆虫学及害虫控制工程重点实验室，重庆 400715), 邓永学,王进军,杨自力,蒋天科//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—178～182
摘要：针对储粮害虫抗药性日趋严重，粮食熏蒸剂品种越来越少的现状，采用密闭熏蒸法，系统研究甲酸乙酯（EtF）在不同条件下对米象Sitophilus oryzae (L.) 卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹以及成虫的致死作用。在25℃条件下以40和45 μL/L的药剂浓度处理米象成虫12 h，其校正死亡率分别为90.541%和99.324%；以30 μL/L的浓度在19、25和31℃下处理24 h，校正死亡率分别为83.108%、62%和42%，表明甲酸乙酯具有良好的速效性，且在相对低温时比在相对高温时熏蒸效果好。在20、25和30℃条件下，熏蒸处理米象成虫24 h，其LC50分别为25.094、28.650和30.875 μL/L；处理48 h时则分别为23.101、25.805和27.316 μL/L。30 g/m3的甲酸乙酯熏蒸处理米象卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫和蛹24 h，对应死亡率为96.930%、99.333%、97.768%和93.386%，表明甲酸乙酯对米象低龄幼虫的熏蒸效果最好，蛹和卵对甲酸乙酯具有较高的耐药性。表4参13
关键词：甲酸乙酯；米象；熏蒸活性；储粮害虫
Abstract: Based on increasing resistance of stored grain insect pest to chemicals and decreasing fumigants, the effects of ethyl formate (EtF) on eggs, early larvae, late larvae, pupae and adults of Sitophilus oryzae were systematically studied with the sealed jar fumigation method under different conditions. The corresponding corrected mortalities of adults were 90.541% and 99.324% with 40 and 45 μL/L EtF dosage and 12 h fumigation under 25℃. Under the conditions of 24 h fumigation with 30 μL/L dosage at 19, 25, and 31℃, the adult corrected mortalities were 83.108%, 62% and 42% , respectively. These results indicated that the EtF killed the adult weevils in a very short time period, and the fumigation efficacy at relatively lower temperature was better than that at relatively higher temperature. Under the conditions of 20, 25, 30℃ and 24 h fumigation, the LC50 s were 25.094, 28.650 and 30.875 μL/L, respectively, whereas after 48 h fumigation, the corresponding LC50 s were 23.101, 25.805 and 27.316 μL/L. Fumigated the immature stages of S. oryzae 24 h with 30 g/m3 dosage EtF, the mortalities of eggs, early larvae, late larvae and pupae of were 96.930%, 99.333%, 97.768% and 93.386%, respectively, which proved that the fumigation activity of EtF against early larvae was the best, and the pupae and eggs possessed a relatively high endurance to EtF.
Key words: Ethyl formate; Sitophilus oryzae; fumigant activity; stored-product insects
a-三连噻吩光活化抑制植物生长活性及作用靶标=The growth inhibition of photoactivation and action target on several plants induced by ?-terithienyl[刊，中]/万树青(华南农业大学教育部农药及化学生物学重点实验室，广州 510642)，杨淑娟//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—183～186
摘要：采用小杯法测定了a-三连噻吩（a-T）对几种植物的光活化生长抑制作用。经用近紫外光（320～400 nm）照射后，a-T能有效地抑制稗草、油菜和含羞草根、茎的生长，特别对稗草的生长抑制作用最为明显。当a-T处理浓度为10 mg/L时，光照对稗草根、茎长的抑制率分别达到87.89%和95.29%，而非光照处理则为13.79%和-5.86%。处理浓度为100 mg/L时，光照对根、茎长抑制率均为100%，而非光照处理分别为16.20%和16.74%。检测不同光照时间和不同浓度处理对生长抑制作用的影响发现，随着光照时间从0.5 h延长到3 h，处理浓度从0.1、1至10 mg/L时，测得对稗草根长和茎长的抑制率呈明显的正相关，只有当光照时间达到一定强度时，才能显现出光活化的效应。电镜观察表明，经a-T处理的稗草愈伤组织，浓度为10 mg/L，光照3 h时，可造成细胞生物膜结构的破坏，而非光照处理细胞则无明显损伤。图2表1参6
关键词：a-三连噻吩；光活化作用；稗草；作用靶标
Abstract: Alpha-terithienyl, a photosensitive compound origin from Asteraceae, was studied on growth inhibition of photoactivation to several plants. The result showed that the growth of root and stem of Echinochloa crusgalli, Mimosa pudica and Brassica chinensis was inhibited by ?-terithienyl under UV-A irradiation. In tested plants E. crusgalli is one of the most sensitive to ?-terithienyl, the inhibition percentage on the growth of root and stem was 87.89 and 95.29 with irradiation for 3 h and non-irradiation was 13.70 and -5.86 at 10 mg/L of ?-terithienyl, respectively. From the result of experiment of different time of irradiation and different concentrations of ?-terithienyl to E. crusgalli on growth inhibition, it was found that the growth inhibition was correlated well with time of irradiation and the concentration of ?-terithienyl. Only with enough time of irradiation can ?-terithienyl produced the effect of growth inhibition to E. crusgalli. Electron microscope observation showed that the cell membrane in culture cells of E. crusgalli is the main action-target of ?-terithienyl under irradiation.
Key words: ?-terithienyl; photoactivation; Echinochloa crusgalli; action target
不同药剂对山楂叶螨的亚致死效应=Sublethal effects of selected insecticides on the hawthorn spider mite, Tetranychus viennensis[刊，中]/李定旭(中国农业大学昆虫系, 北京 100094)，田娟,沈佐锐//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—187～192
摘要：在室内采用叶碟饲养的方法，利用生命表技术研究了四螨嗪、阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯及三唑锡对山楂叶螨的亚致死效应。结果表明，在成虫期，LC10、LC25 剂量的阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯及三唑锡可使成螨的产卵量显著降低，除甲氰菊酯LC10外，其余处理可使次代种群的内禀增长率(rm)由 0.173 降低至 0.133～0.167；在若螨Ⅰ期，LC10、LC25 剂量的阿维菌素可使 rm 由0.237 降低至0.197～0.199；甲氰菊酯LC10对雌螨的产卵有明显的刺激作用，rm 由 0.237提高到 0.259，而LC25则无明显影响；在卵期，四螨嗪LC10对rm无明显影响，但LC50、LC25可使 rm 由0.173 降低至0.149～0.154。表6参19
关键词: 山楂叶螨；亚致死效应；种群；内禀增长率；生命表技术
Abstract: A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the demographic responses of hawthorn spider mite, Tetranychus viennensis Zacher, to the selected insecticides, clofentezine, abamectin, fenpropathrin, and azocyclotin, at three levels of sublethal concentrations. Life tables were constructed in each trial. The parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproduction rate (R0), mean generation time (T), doubling time (Dt), and age distribution were calculated. Exposures of adults to abamectin, fenpropathrin, and azocyclotin exhibited shortened longevity and reduced fecundity in a concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, the values of rm in offspring of treated females deceased significantly from 0.173 in control to 0.133-0.167 in exposures of abamectin and azocyclotin, however, the value of rm in offspring of fenpropathrin-treated females at LC10 was equal to that of the control. Exposures of protonymphs to abamectin at the dose of LC10 and LC25 produced significantly deceased rm, which dropped from 0.237 in control to 0.197-0.199, whereas the exposure of protonymphs to fenpropathrin at the dose of LC10 yielded a significantly increased rm as compared to the control, but no significant difference was detected between LC25 exposure and the control. Exposures of eggs to clofentezine resulted in significantly deceased rm at doses of LC25 and LC50 as compared to the control but no significant difference was found between LC10 exposure and the control.
Key words: Tetranychus viennensis; sublethal effects; population; intrinsic rate of increase; demographic bioassay
虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾子代种群的影响=Influence of tebufenozide on progeny population of Spodoptera exigua[刊，中]/王贻莲(武汉市蔬菜科学研究所，武汉 430065)，司升云,汪钟信,望勇,周利琳//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—193～196
摘要：为了解虫酰肼对甜菜夜蛾的作用机理，以较低剂量分别对甜菜夜蛾敏感品系幼虫和成虫进行饲毒处理，观察其对甜菜夜蛾子代种群的影响。结果表明：虫酰肼是有极强后效性的杀虫剂，能降低甜菜夜蛾产卵量、化蛹率、羽化率等，提高畸形蛹、畸形蛾比例，缩短成虫寿命及产卵时间。幼虫一次饲毒后，0.2、0.4 mg/kg两处理的种群趋势指数第2代较对照分别下降10.92%、26.71%，第3代下降12.16%、14.24%，说明这种影响至少可持续到第3代，且用药剂量提高，其影响加大，但孵化率与蛹重变化不明显。成虫饲毒表明，0.4、0.8 mg/L两处理的种群趋势指数在第2代较对照分别下降14.18%、12.96%，第3代下降34.40%、39.24%，说明成虫饲毒对甜菜夜蛾的影响随用药次数增加而提高。甜菜夜蛾成虫寿命与虫酰肼选择频率及选择压呈负相关关系，且对雄成虫影响大于雌成虫。表2参6
关键词：虫酰肼；甜菜夜蛾；亚致死效应；子代种群
Abstract: In order to study the toxicological mechanism of tebufenzide, we raised poisonous diet to the larvae and adults of Wuhan susceptible strain of Spodoptera exigua. The results showed that tebufenozide was an insecticide with long aftereffect, whose effects included lower pupation and emergence rates, fewer oviposition numbers of female, higher unhealthy pupa and adult rates. Compared with the CK, the population trend index of the second generation dropped by 10.92% and 26.71% respectively after larvae were treated with 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg poisonous diet, while the third generation reduced by 12.16% and 14.24% respectively. It indicated that such effects could last to the third generation at least and it was more obvious with higher dose. But there was no significant difference in the egg hatchability and pupa weight. The experiments of feeding adults on poisonous diet showed that the population trend index of the second generation dropped by 14.18% and 12.96% respectively, while the third generation decreased by 34.40% and 39.24% respectively. The effect on adult had positive relation to the times of using tebufenozide. The influence on adult longevity had negative relation to the selective frequency and pressure of tebufenozide, and the effect on male adult was more obvious than female.
Key words: Tebufenozide; Spodoptera exigua; sublethal effect; progeny population
5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮等生物源化合物对菜青虫幼虫生长发育的影响=Effect of natural occurring compounds 5,7,4’-trihydroxyflavone etc. on growth of Pieris rapae (L.) larva[刊，中]/薛超彬(山东农业大学植物保护学院，农药毒理与应用技术省级重点实验室，泰安 271018)，罗万春,丁琦,高兴祥//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—197～201
摘要：为了研究生物源化合物对菜青虫幼虫Pieris rapae (L.)生长发育的影响，选用5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮、槲皮素、芦丁、5-甲氧基水杨酸和曲酸5种化合物，以触杀和摄食毒力法进行了生物活性测定。结果表明，5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮和槲皮素对菜青虫幼虫生长发育具有明显的影响，浸渍法处理后72 h，两种化合物对试虫致死LC50值分别为0.226和0.951 g/L；叶片药膜法处理后72 h，LC50值分别为0.062和2.420 g/L。结果还表明，采用叶片药膜法，当5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮的浓度高于0.200 g/L时，所有试虫均不能正常化蛹；采用浸渍法，用5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮、槲皮素、芦丁、5-甲氧基水杨酸和曲酸处理的菜青虫5龄幼虫体重与对照相比增长量明显降低。离体试验结果显示，5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮和槲皮素对菜青虫酚氧化酶（phenoloxidase，EC.1.14.18.1）具有明显的抑制作用，抑制中浓度（IC50）分别为25.65和43.94 mg/L。图1表3参16
关键词：生物源化合物；菜青虫；生长发育；酚氧化酶
Abstract: Some natural occurring compounds, 5, 7, 4’-trihydroxyflavone, quercetin, rutin, 5-methoxysalicylic acid and kojic acid, were selected to investigate the effects on the growth of Pieris rapae larvae. Dipping methods and ingestion methods were used and the results showed that the LC50 value of the chemicals against the tested larvae were 0.226 and 0.951 g/L at 72 hours after treatment with dipping methods for 5, 7, 4’-trihydroxyflavone and quercetin, respectively, and 0.062 and 2.420 g/L with ingestion methods, respectively. All of the tested larvae couldn’t pupated as 5, 7, 4’-trihydroxyflavone beyond 0.200 g/L with ingestion methods, and the increased amount of body weight of the 5th instar larvae, which were dipped in the solution of 5, 7, 4’-trihydroxyflavone, quercetin, rutin, 5-methoxysalicylic acid or kojic acid, were decreased obviously compared with the control. The vitro investigation showed that 5, 7, 4’-trihydroxyflavone and quercetin could inhibit the activity of phenoloxidase from the larvae, and the IC50 were 25.65 and 43.94 mg/L, respectively.
Key words: Natural occurring compounds; Pieris rapae; larvae growth; phenoloxidase
不同除草剂对稻田杂草群落演替的影响=Effect of different herbicides on shift of weed community in paddy fields[刊，中]/吴竞仑(江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所，南京 210014)，李永丰,王一专,刘丽萍//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—202～206
摘要：为了明确除草剂对稻田杂草群落演替的影响，2001～2004年，连续4年施用7种稻田除草剂控制移栽稻田杂草，每年调查稻田杂草的种类、密度和鲜重，分析稻田杂草种群的变化。结果表明：连续使用同一除草剂对稻田杂草群落演替影响显著，靶标杂草的优势度值与药剂使用年限存在显著的线性或非线性关系：Y=a+bx或Y=ax2+bx+c；非靶标杂草优势度值与药剂使用年限呈极显著正相关线性关系。不同药剂处理的杂草群落有一定的差异，连续使用二元复配除草剂，杂草群落的均匀度和多样性指数分别为0.40～0.43和1.57～1.84，明显低于单剂处理和对照区,田间主要杂草是陌上菜、水苋、千金子和水莎草，其杂草的鲜重显著低于其它处理。表3参6
关键词：稻田；除草剂；杂草群落演替
Abstract: In order to identify the effectiveness of different herbicides on the shift of weed community, herbicides such as the mixture of acetochlor and bensulfuron-methyl, the mixture of propisochlor and bensulfuron-methyl and the mixture of mefenacet and bensulfuron-methyl etc were applied sequently at recommended dosages for four years to control weeds in transplanted rice. The biomass of weeds was investigated in 50 days after transplanted rice once a year and the population of weeds in response to herbicide application was observed. The result showed that there was a close relationship between the structure of weed community and the number of year of herbicide applying. The linear or curse relationship between the abundance of target weed and the years of the herbicide applying, and trend was best fit by the model, Y=a+bx or Y=ax2+bx+c. After four years continuous use of herbicides, the structure of the weed community seemed to difference in different treatments. The marked difference of weed homogeneous degree and index of biological diversity occurred between the combined herbicides and single herbicide. The homogeneous degree and index of biological diversity of weed communities with the combined herbicides were 0.40-0.43 and 1.57-1.84 respectively, and were less than the other treatments in paddy fields. Their weed communities was consist of Lindernia procumbens, Ammannia baccifera, Leptochloa chinensis and Juncellus serotinus and the fresh weight of these weeds were significantly lower than that of other treatments.
Key words: Paddy field; herbicides; shift of weed community
抗戊唑醇禾谷丝核菌菌株对不同碳氮营养源的利用=Utilization of different carbon and nitrogen nutrition sources to tebuconazole-resistant strains of Rhizoctonia cerealis[刊，中]/夏晓明(山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018)，胡燕，王开运，范昆，司树鼎//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—207～211
摘要：用菌落直径法和菌丝干重法研究了查彼克（Czapek）培养基中葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、木糖、甘油5种碳源和硫酸铵、硝酸钠、亚硝酸钠、尿素、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、胱氨酸、赖氨酸12种氮源对抗戊唑醇禾谷丝核菌Rhizoctonia cerealis菌株生长的影响，以探明抗性菌株和敏感菌株之间生理适合度的差异。结果表明，在不同碳源条件下，所有菌株都在蔗糖、甘油和葡萄糖中生长最快，培养7天后，菌落直径和菌丝干重分别可达3.1750～7.5667 cm和0.0334～0.0554 g，在木糖和果糖中生长相对较慢；在相同碳源条件下，高抗菌株（WWL）的生长速度小于敏感菌株（WW）和中抗菌株（WX1和WX2），敏感菌株和中抗菌株之间的生长速度差异不明显。在不同氮源条件下，所试菌株均能较好利用硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、精氨酸和丙氨酸，菌落直径和菌丝干重分别可达6.2～8.8 cm和0.0336～0.0543 g，不能充分利用胱氨酸，菌落直径和菌丝干重分别仅为1.4217～3.4750 cm和0.0178～0.0297 g；在同一氮源条件下，高抗菌株的生长速度小于敏感菌株和中抗菌株，而敏感菌株和中抗菌株之间差异不明显。表4参15
关键词：禾谷丝核菌；戊唑醇；碳源；氮源；利用
Abstract: In order to study the changes of physiological fitness between the tebuconazole-resistant strains and tebuconazole-sensitive strains of Rhizoctonia cerealis, different carbon source and nitrogen source were selected to prepare Czapak medium and to study their effect on the colony diameter and dry weight. The carbon source included dextrose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, xylose, glycerin respectively, and the nitrogen source included ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, sub-sodium nitrate, urea, alanine, leucine, serine, proline, arginine, histidine, cysteine, lysine respectively. The results showed that, in the different carbon source all the strains grew fastest in dextrose, glycerin and sucrose after cultured 7 days, the colony diameter and dry weight were 3.1750-7.5667 cm and 0.0334-0.0554 g respectively, but grew slowest in xylose and fructose. In the same carbon source, high tebuconazole-resistant strain (WWL) grew slower than tebuconazole-sensitive strain (WW) and middling tebuconazole-resistant strains (WW1 and WW2), but no any obvious difference among WW, WW1 and WW2. In the different nitrogen sources, all the strains could utilize nitrites, sub-nitrates, arginine and ammonia more effectively, the colony diameter and dry weight were 6.2-8.8 cm and 0.0336-0.0543 g respectively, but could not utilize cysteine, the colony diameter and dry weight were only 1.4217-3.4750 cm and 0.0178-0.0297 g respectively. In the same nitrogen source, WWL grew slower than WW, WW1 and WW2, however, the difference of growth speeds of WW, WW1 and WW2 was not marked.
Key words: Rhizoctonia cerealis; tebuconazole; carbon source; nitrogen source; utilization
河北省玉米田杂草组成及群落特征=Species composition and characterization of weed community in maize fields in Hebei Province[刊，中]/魏守辉(中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100094)，张朝贤,翟国英,李香菊,王睿文//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—212～218
摘要：采用倒置“W”取样法对河北省玉米田杂草进行了调查，以明确田间杂草的种类组成及群落结构。结果表明，河北省玉米田杂草有136种（含变种），隶属于34科、97属，其中优势杂草有马唐、反枝苋、稗、马齿苋、藜、狗尾草、铁苋菜、刺儿菜、田旋花等9种，区域性优势杂草有10种，常见杂草有21种，一般杂草有96种。发生优势度较大的杂草为马唐、反枝苋、稗、马齿苋、藜、狗尾草等，是构成各地区田间杂草群落的优势种。张家口地区主要形成反枝苋+狗尾草+灰绿藜+藜为主的杂草群落，承德地区为马唐+稗+反枝苋+藜，唐山-秦皇岛地区为马唐+马齿苋+鸭跖草+稗+反枝苋，石家庄地区为马唐+牛筋草+铁苋菜+马齿苋。张家口和承德地区玉米田杂草群落的物种丰富度、多样性及均匀度较其它地区高，而优势度较低。从群落相似性来看，石家庄与唐山-秦皇岛地区群落结构最为相似。地理环境、气候条件及控草措施的不同，可能是导致玉米田杂草发生及群落组成产生差异的原因。图2表2参19
关键词：玉米；杂草群落；物种组成；优势度；相似性
Abstract: Weed survey was conducted by sampling methods of inverted W-pattern to determine the species composition and structure of weed communities in maize fields in Hebei Province. The results showed that 136 weed species (including varieties) belonging to 34 families and 97 genera were found. Among them, 9 species were considered as dominant weeds, including Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinochloa crusgalli, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodium album, Setaria viridis, Acalypha australis, Cephalanoplos segetum and Convolvulus arvensis; 10 species were regional dominant weeds; 21 common weed species and 96 normal weed species. The overall abundance of Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinochloa crusgalli, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodium album and Setaria viridis were relatively high and were the main components of weed communities in all maize regions in Hebei. Weed community is mainly consisted of Amaranthus retroflexus + Setaria viridis + Chenopodium glaucum + Chenopodium album in Zhangjiakou region, Digitaria sanguinalis + Echinochloa crusgalli + Amaranthus retroflexus + Chenopodium album in Chengde, Digitaria sanguinalis + Portulaca oleracea + Commelina communis + Echinochloa crusgalli + Amaranthus retroflexus in Tangshan-Qinhuangdao, Digitaria sanguinalis + Eleusine indica + Acalypha australis + Portulaca oleracea in Shijiazhuang. The species richness, diversity and evenness of weed community in maize fields in Zhangjiakou and Chengde were higher than other regions, but the Simpson’s index was relatively lower. Based on the Sorensen’s similarity index, the structure of weed community in Shijiazhuang region was similar to that of Tangshan-Qinhuangdao. The difference of weed occurrence and community structure might result from the geographical location, climatic condition and weed management practices.
Key words: Maize field; weed community; species composition; relative abundance; similarity
日光温室不同连作年限对黄瓜主要病害的影响=The influence of different continuous cropping periods on cucumber
disease development in sunlight greenhouse[刊，中]/陈志杰(陕西省动物研究所, 西安 710032), 梁银丽,张淑莲,张锋,徐福利//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—219～220
筛选放线菌活性产物防治烟草黑胫病的初步研究=Screening of the active metabolites of actinomycetes for control
tobacco black shank[刊，中]/曾莉（云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205）, 朱孟沼,刘树芳,李家瑞,文孟良//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—221～222
仿生农用杀菌剂银泰对苹果两种主要病害的防治效果=Control effect of artificial synthesized fungicide Yintai on 2
kinds of apple diseases[刊，中]/袁忠林(莱阳农学院植物保护学院，山东 青岛 266109),罗兰,孟昭礼//植物保护学报. —2006，33（2）.—223～224
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